Slotting is an important turning machining processing methods, chip formation and discharge characteristics of it are different in almost every aspect. The innovative blade design and the coating can improve the efficiency and quality of slotting processing, but the successful completion of this processing, must also have the following processing points.
(1) to understand the slot type
Learn about the three major slot type is very important, and they are: the OD slot, the inner diameter of the slot and the end face of the slot. For the application of the tool, each slot has some special requirements. Generally, an outer diameter Slot most easy processing, because of gravity and the cooling liquid can help BTA. In addition, the outer diameter of slot processing for the operator is visible, can direct and relatively easily check the processing quality. However, it is necessary to avoid some potential obstacles in the the workpiece design or clamping. Generally, when Carbide End Mills tip remains slightly below the centerline of the best cutting effect.
The inner diameter of the slot and the outside diameter of the slot is relatively similar, the difference lies in the application of coolant and chip removal more challenging. Inside diameter grooving tool tip position slightly above the centerline for best performance.
In order to successfully worked end faces SLOTs, the tool must be able to move in the axial direction, and the flank of the tool radius must be matched with each other to be machined with radius. The end slot tool tip position slightly above the centerline the machining the best.
2) machine tools and applications
Slotting in machine design types and conditions also need to consider the basic elements. Some of the main performance requirements for machine tools comprising: having a sufficiently large power, can ensure that the tool is run in the correct speed range without stall or jitter; having a sufficiently high rigidity, can accomplish the required machining, without flutter occurs; having a sufficiently high pressure and flow of the cooling liquid, to help Paixie; having a sufficiently high accuracy. Furthermore, in order to process the correct slot shape and size, the machine proper debugging calibration is also crucial.
(3) to understand the workpiece material properties
Familiar to some of the characteristics of the workpiece material (such as tensile strength, work hardening characteristics, and toughness) are essential for the understanding of the workpiece on the tool impact. Machining different workpiece materials, using different combinations of cutting speed, feed rate and tool characteristics. Different workpiece materials may also need specific tool geometry to control the chip, or the use of specific coating to extend tool life.
(4) choice right drill bits,cuttig tools
The correct selection and use of the tool will determine the cost-effectiveness of the processing. Cutting tools can be two ways machined workpiece geometry: First, through the entire slot cut into the processing; roughing the slot cut into the step-by-step multiple final size. Could be considered in the choice of tool geometry, tool coating can improve chip evacuation.
5) forming tool
In the processing of high-volume, should consider forming tool. Forming tool through a cut processing all or most of the slot shape, can empty out the position of the tool and to shorten the processing cycle time. Forming tool available on the market is made by electric discharge machining (EDM) of the knife block, or a group of blade. One drawback of the blade forming tool is a cutter faster than other knife teeth damaged or worn, it is necessary to replace the entire tool.
(6) multi-purpose tool to select a single point
The multifunctional tool allows the user to generate tool paths in the axial and radial. Thus, the tool is not able to process a slot, but also turning a diameter, the interpolation processing for the radius, and the processing angle. The tool is also multi-directional turning. That is, once the blade into the cutting, it can be axially moved from one end of the workpiece to the other end, while always maintaining the contact with the workpiece. Overall, the use of a multi-functional tool more time can be used for cutting a workpiece, rather than for tool change or empty stroke movement. Due to the limited number of machining centers to complete the processing operation can make the tool changer robot space multifunctional tool also helps to reduce the entire workpiece machining process.
(7) to select the blade coating
The coating can significantly improve the life of the cemented carbide inserts. Since the coating can provide lubrication between the tool and chip layer, it can shorten the processing time and improve workpiece surface finish. At present, commonly used coating including TiAlN, TiN, TiCN, etc.. The new coating compositions and improved grades being constantly develop and bring to market. For best performance, the coating must be matched with each other and the workpiece.
(8) cutting fluid
The correct application of the cutting fluid means for grooving blade and the workpiece in contact with the cutting point to provide sufficient cutting fluid. Plays a dual role - cutting fluid for cooling the cutting area and help the BTA. In the machining grooves of the inner diameter of the blind bore, improve the cutting fluid pressure of the cutting point is very effective for improving the BTA. Has obvious advantages for the the groove machining difficult to machine materials (such as high toughness, high viscous materials), high-pressure coolant.
The concentration of water-soluble oil-based coolant groove machining of difficult materials is also crucial. Although the typical range of the concentration of the cooling liquid is 3% -5%, but in order to improve the lubricating properties of the cooling fluid, and to provide a protective layer for the nose, can also be test improve coolant concentration (up to 30%) effect.
(9) the correct processing order
Rational planning optimum processing sequence need to consider a variety of factors, such as workpiece strength change before and after processing of the slot, because after processing the first slot, the strength of the workpiece will be reduced, and the processing may be insufficient to smooth out some other structure characterized. This may lead the operator in the next one step lower than the optimum value of the feed rate and cutting speed, to reduce flutter, and reduce the cutting parameters may result in extended processing time, shorten the tool life, and cutting performance unstable.
Another factor to consider is to select the best processing order, the next step will glitch push processed slot. Sometimes, it is best to leave it to the slot final processing. In contrast to this, if the slot is relatively wide with respect to the diameter of the workpiece, it may need to first processing slot. Subsequent processing generated within the slot burr difficult to remove, and be parts processing additional workload. As a rule of thumb, it can be considered the outer diameter and the inner diameter turning is completed, first, from the furthest point distance of the tool chuck to start processing, and then processing the grooves and other structural features.
(10) the feed amount and speeds role
Feed rate and cutting speed plays a key role in the grooving. Incorrect feed rate and cutting speed may cause chatter, reduce tool life and prolonging the machining cycle time. The impact of feed rate and cutting speed factors including the workpiece material, tool geometry, the cooling liquid type and concentration, blade coating and machine performance. In order to correct the problems caused by the unreasonable amount and cutting speed feed, often the need for secondary processing. For a variety of different tools, although you can set out "optimization" feed volume and speeds of many sources of information, but the latest and most useful information is usually from the tool manufacturer. Many tool manufacturers are hiring a technical support staff is very familiar with the capabilities and limitations of the tool, to provide services for users. The recommendations of the technical support staff in order to obtain the best machining results need to be verified and accurate adjustment tool manufacturers are still one processing the best choice to get satisfactory results.